- Nanook of the North (Flaherty)
- Harlan County USA (Kopple)
- The Fog of War (Morris)
- The "Up" Series (Apted)
- Roger & Me (Moore)
- Grizzly Man (Hertzog)
- The Thin Blue Line (Morris)
- Salesman (Maysles)
- The Civil War (Burns)
- Country Boys (Sutherland)
Monday, December 22, 2008
Documentary Top 10 Lists
David Tamés, at Kino-Eye.com, posted a Top Ten list of documentaries at his website. As with all Top Ten lists, this one contains titles that are personal favorites, and others that have been critically acclaimed by documentary fans far and wide. It made me think about my Top Ten list, so I decided to take a stab at it. Here, in no particular order, are ten documentaries that I think are must-see.
Friday, November 14, 2008
Backing Up: Better Safe than Sorry
Students of documentary will recognize the name Robert Flaherty...director of Nanook of the North. This amazing documentary suffered a serious setback just as it neared completion of the post-production phase. According to legend, Flaherty dropped a lit cigarette in the editing room, igniting the highly-flammable film stock that covered the floor...destroying his film in the process. At the time, Flaherty had no copy of the original film, forcing him to return to northern Canada to re-shoot his epic film about the Inuit culture. The lesson for all of us is that the post-production phase of a documentary project is full of twists and turns...some that cause minor set-backs and others that are more serious. But with a few precautions you can avoid catastrophic failure. I'm talking about organization, storage, and redundancy of your most important digital assets.
First and foremost, protect your camera originals. Tapes should be write-protected, labeled carefully, and stored in a safe place (clean with controlled humidity and temperature). Second, once a tape has been captured/digitized, the security of those digital files depends on the integrity of your storage system. There are various levels of redundancy (RAID 1, RAID 5, etc.) that can be implemented at various levels of expense. A relatively inexpensive solution is to occasionally (e.g., at the end of each edit session) backup your files to a second external HD. Obviously the bigger and more important the project, and the more changes to your EDL, the more frequently this step should be implemented. Notice that digitized video files do not need to be copied more than once...only those files that change as you edit. The most important file is the project file, followed by titles, imported graphics, etc. If you record audio VO narration, save that to CD and treat just like a source tape. Label it carefully and file it in a safe place. If you loose all of your digital assets, but still have your project file (which contains the EDL), you should be able to redigitize the footage from your source tapes and be back in business with little down time.
I have external storage that you are welcome to use to backup your digital video files if you have not done so. The project files are quite a bit smaller, and you have several options for backing up those files such as the network storage, USB flash drive, CD-R, etc.
You've put in a lot of hours of hard work...don't let it slip through your fingers.
First and foremost, protect your camera originals. Tapes should be write-protected, labeled carefully, and stored in a safe place (clean with controlled humidity and temperature). Second, once a tape has been captured/digitized, the security of those digital files depends on the integrity of your storage system. There are various levels of redundancy (RAID 1, RAID 5, etc.) that can be implemented at various levels of expense. A relatively inexpensive solution is to occasionally (e.g., at the end of each edit session) backup your files to a second external HD. Obviously the bigger and more important the project, and the more changes to your EDL, the more frequently this step should be implemented. Notice that digitized video files do not need to be copied more than once...only those files that change as you edit. The most important file is the project file, followed by titles, imported graphics, etc. If you record audio VO narration, save that to CD and treat just like a source tape. Label it carefully and file it in a safe place. If you loose all of your digital assets, but still have your project file (which contains the EDL), you should be able to redigitize the footage from your source tapes and be back in business with little down time.
I have external storage that you are welcome to use to backup your digital video files if you have not done so. The project files are quite a bit smaller, and you have several options for backing up those files such as the network storage, USB flash drive, CD-R, etc.
You've put in a lot of hours of hard work...don't let it slip through your fingers.
Sunday, October 26, 2008
Documentary post-production, workflow, and asset management
Well, we're approaching the time when we transition from production to post-production. If you're like most documentarians, you begin by reviewing what you had hoped to accomplish by this point in time. The real shock comes when you begin to compare your pre-production plan to the footage that you actually have "in the can." Once you've recovered from that, your next step is to make a new plan that involves turning what we've got into something that resembles a documentary. This process is not for the weak or easily discouraged.
If you're fortunate, you find moments of brilliance and unblinking truth in the audio and video that you gathered. Hopefully you've captured people and events in ways that are both authentic and fascinating. Your task, as editors, is to separate the good from the bad, the mundane from the extraordinary, and the distortions from the truth. There are trade-off involved. Keeping a 2-minute action sequence may require deleting that interview sequence that seemed to hold great promise. Going in one direction means that you can't pursue another path. You'll have to weigh the evidence and make judgments that keep the big picture...the story...always in focus.
As suggested by Rabiger, one of the first things that you should do, as a group, is to sit down for a marathon screening session. It may take 4-8 hours...maybe more if there is much discussion afterward. But try to do this as soon as possible after shooting is complete. With everyone present, watch the raw footage with a critical eye and a pad and pencil. Each group member should take careful notes (but don't pause the tape...it will take forever if you do). Then, after each tape or at the end, review your notes as a group. What did you see that you didn't see during shooting? What is still missing, Can you edit around the missing footage? Which characters emerged as the strongest or weakest? Has your "story" held up in the process, or does it need to be modified?
Another important step is to begin to digitize and organize your footage. The digitizing step is one more opportunity for you to become familiar with your footage. Take notes as to the source (tape number) where the footage is coming from. Make note of particularly useful b-roll or cut-aways that will be important. If audio is particularly strong or weak, make note of how it might be used or whether it may need to be "fixed" or "sweetened" in post. All non-linear editing programs (FCP, Avid, Premiere) allow for footage to be organized in bins. Use bins to collect footage that goes together. You might put clips that will be used in a particular segment in its own bin. Or perhaps you will put each interview into its own bin, and b-roll in another. Use a system that makes sense to you, and your editing assistant(s). Be methodical and careful. The more organized you are the more efficient you will be in editing. By the way, your tapes should be record-protected and stored in a safe, clean, cool place after digitizing. They are your backup, and may be needed later if redigitizing is required.
After the group screening, the editing script/outline should be written. Don't skimp here. Spend some time as a group deciding on segments to be included, the intended length of each, and their order. Only after you've done this should you begin to actually cut things together to see if they will work as imagined. If you will be using VO narration, write the first draft now. You may need to rewrite later, but writing narration now--(and even recording a rough take)--will help you with the timing and allow you to edit sequences with placeholder VO where needed.
Don't think you need to start editing at the beginning working towards the closing credits. You'll probably be much more effective if you start with one of the segments in the middle...perhaps the most important or the easiest one first. You might find that you can have 2 or 3 editors working simultaneously, each on his/her own section, then bringing them together to see how they flow. Take advantage of the multiple timelines/sequences in your editing program to build each segment in its own timeline. Also, duplicating the timeline allows you to try out different approaches to the same segment without destroying a previous version. Many long-form editors save their work and start over the next day with a newly dated version of the previous timeline. This way they have a record of their progress and they can easily "revert" if a particular editing session turns out to be a dead-end.
Everyone in the group should be actively involved in the post-production process. There's plenty to do, and no one person should have to do it all. One member of the team can be creating titles and graphics, another can be recording or selecting music, while others can be working on the project website, setting up the focus group screening, writing press releases, and creating the DVD menus.
Well, that should give you plenty to think about. This is where it really gets interesting!
If you're fortunate, you find moments of brilliance and unblinking truth in the audio and video that you gathered. Hopefully you've captured people and events in ways that are both authentic and fascinating. Your task, as editors, is to separate the good from the bad, the mundane from the extraordinary, and the distortions from the truth. There are trade-off involved. Keeping a 2-minute action sequence may require deleting that interview sequence that seemed to hold great promise. Going in one direction means that you can't pursue another path. You'll have to weigh the evidence and make judgments that keep the big picture...the story...always in focus.
As suggested by Rabiger, one of the first things that you should do, as a group, is to sit down for a marathon screening session. It may take 4-8 hours...maybe more if there is much discussion afterward. But try to do this as soon as possible after shooting is complete. With everyone present, watch the raw footage with a critical eye and a pad and pencil. Each group member should take careful notes (but don't pause the tape...it will take forever if you do). Then, after each tape or at the end, review your notes as a group. What did you see that you didn't see during shooting? What is still missing, Can you edit around the missing footage? Which characters emerged as the strongest or weakest? Has your "story" held up in the process, or does it need to be modified?
Another important step is to begin to digitize and organize your footage. The digitizing step is one more opportunity for you to become familiar with your footage. Take notes as to the source (tape number) where the footage is coming from. Make note of particularly useful b-roll or cut-aways that will be important. If audio is particularly strong or weak, make note of how it might be used or whether it may need to be "fixed" or "sweetened" in post. All non-linear editing programs (FCP, Avid, Premiere) allow for footage to be organized in bins. Use bins to collect footage that goes together. You might put clips that will be used in a particular segment in its own bin. Or perhaps you will put each interview into its own bin, and b-roll in another. Use a system that makes sense to you, and your editing assistant(s). Be methodical and careful. The more organized you are the more efficient you will be in editing. By the way, your tapes should be record-protected and stored in a safe, clean, cool place after digitizing. They are your backup, and may be needed later if redigitizing is required.
After the group screening, the editing script/outline should be written. Don't skimp here. Spend some time as a group deciding on segments to be included, the intended length of each, and their order. Only after you've done this should you begin to actually cut things together to see if they will work as imagined. If you will be using VO narration, write the first draft now. You may need to rewrite later, but writing narration now--(and even recording a rough take)--will help you with the timing and allow you to edit sequences with placeholder VO where needed.
Don't think you need to start editing at the beginning working towards the closing credits. You'll probably be much more effective if you start with one of the segments in the middle...perhaps the most important or the easiest one first. You might find that you can have 2 or 3 editors working simultaneously, each on his/her own section, then bringing them together to see how they flow. Take advantage of the multiple timelines/sequences in your editing program to build each segment in its own timeline. Also, duplicating the timeline allows you to try out different approaches to the same segment without destroying a previous version. Many long-form editors save their work and start over the next day with a newly dated version of the previous timeline. This way they have a record of their progress and they can easily "revert" if a particular editing session turns out to be a dead-end.
Everyone in the group should be actively involved in the post-production process. There's plenty to do, and no one person should have to do it all. One member of the team can be creating titles and graphics, another can be recording or selecting music, while others can be working on the project website, setting up the focus group screening, writing press releases, and creating the DVD menus.
Well, that should give you plenty to think about. This is where it really gets interesting!
Wednesday, October 01, 2008
34X25X36
Check out this short doc (6 min, plus 1 minutes of credits) on YouTube. This film premiered at the 2008 SXSW conference and received critical acclaim (and 1.2M hits on YouTube).
Time to shoot!
Production...this is what many people consider the best part of the documentary life cycle. This is where you get to exercise your creative talents for shooting as you gather the audio and images that will tell your story. For some, pre-production is too much time in the office, and post-production is too much time locked up in an edit bay...but production is the in-between part where you get to be out and about, on location and getting your hands dirty. Your task over the next five weeks will be to get people to open up to you...on-camera and on-mic...and when they do, you've got to capture the essence of the moment in the best image and sound quality possible. This is no small task. Following are some thoughts about location production that may be helpful over the course of the next five weeks.
- Being comfortable with both your gear and your crew-mates will be of utmost importance. And the only way to become comfortable is by getting out there and doing it. Start with less critical shoots and build up to the ones that will only give you one shot to get it right.
- Make sure you know who is responsible for what when you're on location. Don't expect each other to read your mind...talk it out before you get to the shooting location. Work efficiently and as a team...that will give you credibility with your interviewees and shooting subjects. The opposite...confusion and bickering...will do just the opposite and undermine your project. You many need to have a heated discussion about your project...just don't do it in public.
- Try to have as many team members on the shoot as you can. Since you only have 3-4 crew members max, you'll never have too many hands while setting up or striking. During an intimate interview you might clear the room of all but two of you, but most of the time all three or four of you will be essential. If you're shooting with University gear, I expect at least two crew members on every shoot. This is for your personal protection as well as the safety and security of the gear.
- Become a lean, mean, documenting machine! Keep your eyes and ears open and never pass up an opportunity to get something in the can when you can. If you think, "we'll get that shot when we come back next week" you'll miss out on all kinds of opportunities. If the shot or soundbite presents itself, get it! For the Bishop Castle team, the peak of fall color is right now and will only last another week or so...less if a weather event comes through. The castle grounds will never look prettier than they do now so don't miss the opportunity. Swing State '08...this Friday will probably be the last time this fall that a Presidential candidate will be in Southern Colorado. Both teams: maximize your opportunities and minimize your liabilities!
- Know your story and shoot to the script outline. Yes, there needs to be room for serendipity and yes, your story will evolve as you go...but don't overlook the need to plan and follow the plan. Shoot with a purpose or you'll feel the pain when you get into the post-production phase.
Sunday, September 21, 2008
Avoiding Condescending Smugness!
It's a temptation that all documentary directors face sooner or later...the feeling of superiority that accompanies insight possessed by you, but not shared by the subject of your film. As you research your topic and interview experts and witnesses, you will begin to amass knowledge and expertise that may, if not checked, lead to feelings of self-importance. Resist this feeling at all cost. Remind yourself that without the aid and cooperation of your participants, you have no story to tell and no business trying to pretend that you do. But your humility must be sincere...false humility can be detected from across the room and is just as deadly as arrogance. Many documentary directors have slipped over the line and have taken cheap shots at the expense of the people appearing in their films...and while they might get a few laughs, the long-term effect works against them.
Another factor that can lead to this same feeling of superiority is the power imbalance that comes from your position behind the camera. As the one asking the questions and deciding who ends up on the cutting room floor and on the screen, you hold amazing power. Don't let it go to your head. Again, without the trust and confidence of your participants, you've got "nuttin!" So keep your ego in check and don't forget to treat your interviewees and participants with the courtesy and respect that they deserve. No one ever looks big when they make other people look small.
Another factor that can lead to this same feeling of superiority is the power imbalance that comes from your position behind the camera. As the one asking the questions and deciding who ends up on the cutting room floor and on the screen, you hold amazing power. Don't let it go to your head. Again, without the trust and confidence of your participants, you've got "nuttin!" So keep your ego in check and don't forget to treat your interviewees and participants with the courtesy and respect that they deserve. No one ever looks big when they make other people look small.
Saturday, September 13, 2008
Steal from the best!
Okay, don't STEAL...but definitely learn from and apply techniques that the best documentaries use to tell their stories. Now that you have a topic and are well into the preproduction phase, take some time to review some of the best documentaries in the same genre/style/approach as the one that you're trying to make. Watch and watch again documentaries that cover similar territory or take a similar approach. As we discussed in class, watch with careful attention to everything from the broad scope, e.g. story development and the dramatic arc, to the specific details, e.g. how long the director holds a reaction shot. Learn from the best and try to replicate the things that make them successful.
For the Bishop Castle team, find documentaries that tell the stories of a quirky individuals e.g., Fast, Cheap and Out of Control and Gates of Heaven by Errol Morris, or Grizzly Man by Werner Herzog. Also consider docs about people who find themselves up against insurmountable odds, e.g., Hoop Dreams, a story about two teens' struggle to become pro basketball players, or Burden of Dreams by Les Blank, or Hearts of Darkness, the story of Francis Ford Coppola's struggle to make Apocalypse Now. A quick search of YouTube for Bishop Castle will yield numerous amateur videos and interviews with Jim. Also, listen to the NPR radio documentary short Jim Bishop: Castle Builder.
For the Swing Vote team, check out any number of great political docs such as Primary by Robert Drew and War Room by Hegedus and Pennebaker. By the way, a new doc, The Return of the War Room (by Actual Reality Pictures) will premiere on the Sundance channel next month (Oct 13th). I haven't seen the recently released Swing Vote, starring Kevin Costner, but it may be worth a look to see if this fiction film effectively raises any issues that may be worth exploring in your doc. Also, a search of IMDb indicates there is a 2008 doc by the name of Swing State, but that's about all I know about it.
For the Bishop Castle team, find documentaries that tell the stories of a quirky individuals e.g., Fast, Cheap and Out of Control and Gates of Heaven by Errol Morris, or Grizzly Man by Werner Herzog. Also consider docs about people who find themselves up against insurmountable odds, e.g., Hoop Dreams, a story about two teens' struggle to become pro basketball players, or Burden of Dreams by Les Blank, or Hearts of Darkness, the story of Francis Ford Coppola's struggle to make Apocalypse Now. A quick search of YouTube for Bishop Castle will yield numerous amateur videos and interviews with Jim. Also, listen to the NPR radio documentary short Jim Bishop: Castle Builder.
For the Swing Vote team, check out any number of great political docs such as Primary by Robert Drew and War Room by Hegedus and Pennebaker. By the way, a new doc, The Return of the War Room (by Actual Reality Pictures) will premiere on the Sundance channel next month (Oct 13th). I haven't seen the recently released Swing Vote, starring Kevin Costner, but it may be worth a look to see if this fiction film effectively raises any issues that may be worth exploring in your doc. Also, a search of IMDb indicates there is a 2008 doc by the name of Swing State, but that's about all I know about it.
Friday, September 05, 2008
New Michael Moore film to be released online
According to a news release, Michael Moore announced today that he will release his latest movie, Slacker Uprising, online and for free. According to the AP,
Read more.The film, "Slacker Uprising," follows Moore's 62-city tour during the 2004 election to rally young voters. It will be available for three weeks as a free download to North American residents, beginning Sept. 23. An official announcement of the film is planned for Friday.
Moore said he considered releasing "Slacker Uprising" theatrically as "Michael Moore's big election year movie" as he did with 2004's "Fahrenheit 9/11," which was highly critical of President Bush.
Instead, Moore opted for a symbol of gratitude to his fans as he approaches the 20th anniversary of his first film, 1989's "Roger & Me."
"I thought it'd be a nice way to celebrate my 20th year of doing this," Moore said. "And also help get out the vote for November. I've been thinking about what I want to do to help with the election this year."
To receive the download, people can sign up at SlackerUprising.com. A "Night of a Thousand House Parties" is planned for Oct. 4, when local neighborhood screenings are hoped to be scheduled. A DVD will be released Oct. 7.
Wednesday, August 27, 2008
Taking it to the Streets at the DNC
Below are two documentary-style shorts from a former MCCNM student who now works up in Denver. These pieces aired on KBDI, one of the PBS stations in Denver. How about that "freedom cage"?
Thursday, August 14, 2008
What makes a good documentary topic?
Are you having trouble coming up with a good idea for a documentary proposal? You're not alone. While we're surrounded by a million stories just waiting to be told, it seems like every one has something that makes it less than the ideal topic for development. Let's start with some of the reasons that are sometimes used to disqualify a documentary topic.
- It's already been done. Okay...I'll grant you that the world probably doesn't need another documentary about penguins right now. But don't let this one scare you off. Almost every conceivable topic has been documented at some time by someone, but you just need to find a way to bring your personal perspective to the topic.
- I can't get the necessary access. Perhaps the subject is too far away...that would be a problem with physical access. Or it could be that the culture or subculture is closed and unlikely to invite a filmmaker into it inner circle (think governmental or military organizations)...that would be a problem of permission or trust. The lack of either one can sink your project.
- It's not very visual. Having a topic that naturally provides compelling visual images is great...but not very common. If it were, there would already be a dozen documentaries on that topic sitting on your video store's shelves. But there are ways to create visuals if you explore the creative potential of computer graphics. Also, some of my favorite documentaries of all time are nothing but a series of talking heads, e.g. the Up series and Fog of War...so don't give up hope if the visuals are few and far between.
- Nobody cares about this but me. If it's true, this is an excellent reason to move on to another topic. On the other hand, you might be surprised. Do some internet research to see if you can find an online community of like-minded fans. There may be more of you out there then you think.
Thursday, July 24, 2008
It's Almost August...Do You Have Any Ideas?
Every great documentary starts with a great idea. I know that some of you already have ideas that you want to propose for production this fall. If you haven't begun to think about an idea or two for possible development, now is a good time to start. Following is a short explanation from the syllabus about the treatment/proposal assignment.
In the real world of media production there is typically a great deal of paperwork associated with the production process. Time and resources are not usually spent without adequate research, planning and documentation to obtain the approval of those who control the necessary funds. For the sake of these class assignments, there will be several documents required before production commences. Be prepared to present these to me in class PRIOR to attempting to schedule production time.
One of the first documents required is a treatment. A treatment is a one to two page description of your story idea. Everyone should come to class the second week with two treatments for presentation/discussion.
One of the treatments will then be developed into a 3-5 page, PBS-style proposal containing the following elements:
- title
- rational
- goals and objectives
- project description (expanded treatment)
- key personnel
- target audience
- timeline
- itemized budget
Based on presentations, aka "pitches", of the proposals in class during week 3, final documentary project topics will be selected and teams assigned.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)